Periscope – Working Principles and Uses
The working principles of a periscope is function of the way it is built and designed. A periscope uses a series of turns to turn light rays to view the object. The periscope is designed to have a wide field of view, and can be used in submarines and on land. In submarines, periscopes are commonly used to inspect cargo. In the U.S., a pier or a dock is a common place to find this device.
Unlike a telescope, a periscope is designed to be disassembled and reassembled safely. The periscope’s tubular casing is hermetically sealed, and the only surfaces outside of the casing are the head window and the eyepiece. The casing is designed to withstand shocks, vibrations, and bending. However, this awesome device is not suitable for underwater use.
Periscopes are often used in nuclear reactors and submarines. They allow researchers to examine the chemical reaction inside a reactor. They are also used in military hideouts to check their surroundings. One person can use a periscope at a time. Armed vehicles, such as tanks, also use a periscope to look around. A meter-long periscope can easily see the surface of a kilometer below.
A periscope is a simple optical instrument that can be used by one person. It is generally constructed of a pair of flat mirrors or prisms. It has a rectangular viewing tube with viewing windows at the top and bottom. Both ends of the periscope’s structure are fixed at a 45o angle. It can only be used by a single person, so the device is designed to be portable.
A periscope uses the laws of reflection to view objects that block the line of sight. The reflected light falls on a mirror at a 45-o angle. This reflects the reflected light to a smaller mirror that is at the same angle as the first. The reflected light then becomes visible in the corresponding mirror. Therefore, a periscope is an optical instrument. This instrument is often used in medical settings.
The periscope is a basic optical instrument that is used in underwater environments. Its outer diameter is 3.750 inches. Its line of sight can be adjusted between 10 degrees of depression and 45 degrees of elevation. It can be used in all types of environments, and can be placed in a variety of positions. A periscope can also be used in military applications. A periscope can only be used by one person.
Before we further delve into the uses and types of periscope, we shall first examine the working Principles of a Periscope. The periscope uses two telescope systems to magnify an object. The upper telescope magnifies an object at a lower magnification. The lower telescope magnifies the same object in a similar manner. A periscope is used to observe the inner workings of a submarine. A periscope is used for military purposes and research. Depending on the size, it can be as long as 40 feet.
The working principles of a periscope is determined largely by the way it is designed. A periscope is an optical instrument that allows one person to view objects through a curved mirror. It is made of a pair of mirrors and is designed to be adjustable. A periscope is designed to be viewed from two different angles. Usually, the prisms are at an angle of 45 degrees. Using a periscope, a small telescope, and a camera, can help capture images and videotapes.
A periscope can be built from two types of mirrors: a pair of flat mirrors and a prism. This device is a hollow, rectangular tube with viewing windows on the top and bottom. The mirrors are fixed at 45 degrees at both ends to make them as clear as possible. During the war, periscopes were a necessity for both the military and civilians.
There are two types of periscopes: Simple Periscopes and Complex Helioscopy telescopic periscope. A Nasoscope is a periscope with an upper prism that is attached to the tube with two telescopic lenses. A periscope is a great instrument for observing small objects. Its narrow field is ideal for a few different purposes.
Periscope and Its Working Principles
Whether peering beneath the water’s surface or exploring the cosmos, periscopes help us see things that are not in our direct line of sight. The periscope’s working principles are based on simple mathematics and the laws of reflection.
The device consists of a long tube bent at right angle twice. There are two mirrors fixed in the tube facing each other. When light enters the periscope, it strikes the upper mirror first.
How Does a Periscope Work?
A periscope is an optical device that can be used to see an object over, around or through a barrier that prevents direct line-of-sight observation. It works by shifting the path of light from its normal position to the observer using a series of mirrors inclined at an angle. It is also useful in seeing objects under water or in the air that cannot be observed by direct vision. The periscope is an essential device for submarines and other armoured vehicles, as it allows them to monitor their surroundings without being exposed to enemy fire.
A simple periscope can be made from cardboard or other flat material such as plastic. The basic design involves two plane mirrors placed at a 45 degree angle. One mirror is fixed at the top and the other at the bottom of the tube. When a ray of light enters the upper mirror it gets reflected and strikes the other at an identical angle. The reflected ray then forms an image of the object seen by the observer.
The advantage of using a prism as opposed to a bare mirror is that it can be made to reflect only from the front surface, which makes it more resistant to dirt and scratches. Bare mirrors, on the other hand, will reflect from both surfaces and can easily get dirty and scratched. Moreover, prisms are much easier to clean than mirrors because they are made of glass, which can be wiped down with soap and water.
To make a periscope, start by finding a piece of cardboard that is about 20 cm long and 10 cm wide. Fold half of the section as shown in the picture and cut a circular hole at the end to view the mirror. The other half of the section should be left intact to support the periscope. Tape black construction paper over the outside edges of the circular hole to reduce glare.
This project is a great way to teach kids about the principles of physics and how periscopes work. It also helps them to develop their fine motor skills when cutting the cardboard. They can also improve their reading and writing skills by filling in the answers to the questions on the worksheet. In addition, they can learn about the refraction of light and how the mirrors in the periscope allow them to see around corners.
Types of Periscopes
There are many different types of periscopes, each designed for specific purposes. Some are simple, using only flat mirrors while others have complex optical systems. Some are designed to detect radar signals while others are used to look at targets through the surface of the water. The periscope is an extremely useful device for submarines, providing them with the ability to navigate and take aim in complete secrecy.
While the use of periscopes isn’t new, modern submarines have a much more advanced version of this optical instrument. These periscopes are usually made of a tube with prisms, lenses and mirrors that reflect images. Some periscopes are also equipped with a camera to record footage of the surrounding environment.
Historically, the periscope has been a staple of military equipment. It has helped in the development of long-range artillery, as well as machine guns and field artillery. In the early days of the periscope, Thomas Grubb had a firm in Dublin that produced telescopes and gunsights. During the First World War he received orders for submarine periscopes from Vickers but these were unsatisfactory, both in terms of strength and vibration. Grubb and his son Howard improved the design and manufacture of periscopes. They sought the assistance of Messrs Goertz in Berlin and Lacour-Berthiot in Paris who were producing periscopes of a better standard.
The demand for better submarine periscopes continues today. Kollmorgen of the United States and Zeiss (Germany) remain prominent builders. A few smaller companies, such as Pilkington and Barr and Stroud (Great Britain) also produce periscopes.
In the late 1970s the Naval Underwater Warfare Center at Fort Trumbull, Connecticut became involved in research on submarine periscopes. The Laboratory’s physiciscs and electrical engineers worked on the development of state-of-the-art optics for this device including the current non-penetrating variety.
A significant amount of the Laboratory’s periscope work was in connection with a program to improve celestial navigation capability for nuclear submarines by developing a new type of periscope called the Type 18. This periscope had a 7-112 inch head and included a tilting head prism. The Laboratory transferred this periscope engineering and manufacturing know-how to Sperry Marine in Charlottesville, Virginia.
Periscope in Action
Whether peering beneath the waves or helping in medical procedures, periscopes are an invaluable tool for many situations. The basic periscope consists of a tube at the end of which are two mirrors, fixed at an angle of 45° to each other. It does not produce magnification or cross line images. In more complex periscopes, prisms may be used instead of mirrors.
In order to use this device, you must have a clear view of the object through which you want to see. If the periscope is mounted in a moving vehicle, it is necessary to stabilize it so that the image does not move or get out of focus. The first periscopes were made out of simple tubes, which could bend or twist under pressure. A double tube was eventually designed, with the outer to resist the pressure and the inner to house the lens systems.
Depending on your needs, you can make a periscope out of various materials. A PVC pipe is the most common material. It’s inexpensive, works well, and is easy to find at hardware stores or home improvement centers. You can even find PVC with different colored ends, so you can match the color of your periscope to your surroundings.
If too much light is coming through the “eye” end of your periscope, you can tape black construction paper over the outside edges. Otherwise, you can putty or glue the edges of the holes to keep them in place. If you’re planning on using your periscope for spying, you might want to glue the mirrors in permanently.
Servicing and Repair of a Telescope
When used on submarines, the periscope is an optical instrument that allows an observer to see objects that are not in direct line of sight. It works on the principle of the law of reflection. It consists of a long outer case with mirrors or prisms kept at each end, inclined at 45 degrees. Light from the distant object falls on one of the mirrors and gets reflected vertically downward. This light is then reflected again by the bottom mirror and travels horizontally to the observer’s eye. Complex periscopes use optic fiber instead of mirrors for higher resolution.
The simplest type of periscope consists of a tube at the ends of which are two flat mirrors positioned parallel to each other and inclined at a 45-degree angle. This simple periscope does not produce any magnification, but it is still useful for viewing objects that are out of the observer’s direct line of vision. The periscopes on submarines, however, are more complex optical instruments that rely on the laws of refraction and reflection to function.
While Periscope is not a standalone application, it enables users to watch live broadcasts from any location on their mobile devices. The platform is a spinoff of Twitter, and many of its terms of service are similar to those of the social networking site. Users must be at least 13 years old to create and watch a stream on the app, and all of their activities are public, unless they adjust their settings. This includes broadcasts, comments, followers and hearts received.
Another feature that is unique to Periscope is its geolocation features, which allow viewers to find streams within a given radius of their location. In addition to this, the app also has a live map feature that displays all of the current and past broadcasts on the app. This allows users to discover new content and interact with streamers in real-time.
Creating a compelling broadcast requires careful planning and attention to your audience. For example, it is best to promote your Periscope broadcast on other social media platforms before you begin. This can help you get a larger audience for your broadcast and increase your chances of gaining a following.
Optical Devices and Storage
Optical devices are used to transmit, reflect or store light. They are important components of cameras, microscopes, periscopes and telescopes. They also play a role in the correction of vision problems such as nearsightedness and farsightedness. Engineers and scientists use geometrical optics to design these optical systems.
An optical device is a lens that focuses light to make an image on a screen or other surface. There are two types of optical lenses: refractive and non-refractive. Refractive optical lenses change the direction of the light rays as they travel through them, while non-refractive optical lenses simply bend light to an appropriate angle.
The most common type of optical devices are LEDs, which are used as lights in traffic signals and flashlights. They are also commonly found in televisions, computer monitors and car headlights. LEDs are one of the most energy-efficient light sources and can last up to five times longer than incandescent bulbs.
A lens system can suffer from aberrations that reduce its quality, for example, chromatic variation of magnification and lateral colour. These can be corrected by making the optical system symmetrical about a centre point.
Optical storage is any data storage medium that uses laser technology to write and read data. CDs, Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) and Blu-ray Discs are all examples of optical storage media. Optical storage is a cost-effective and highly durable method for the distribution of software, movies, music and other digital content. It is also resistant to electromagnetic interference, making it a good choice for archival storage of important documents and records.
